Finanical Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finanical Management - Essay Example (Contributing, 2005) For example, the US government is the dealer of the bonds. At the point when you purchase securities, you become a speculator, and they are for all intents and purposes loaning cash to the US government. The bond bears a guarantee of the dealer to reimburse the chief measure of the credit at a predefined time. At the point when the US Treasury gives a bond, the administration assurances to take care of your chief known as the assumed worth in addition to enthusiasm on development. At the point when the speculator purchases a bond and holds up until it develops, he will realize precisely the amount he will get at the development time of the bond. It additionally called a fixed-pay speculation as a consistent payout is given every year, or semi-yearly. For instance, you buy a security at $1,000 with a fixed pace of 6%, with 4 years of development, your salary ($60/1000) is $60 which is payable to you consistently for a long time, at that point you get the assumed worth of the bond. The coupon rate in security is fixed and is conveyed until the development of the security, yet the provided cost estimate of the securities shifts as a result of the loan costs vacillation. Variances in loan fees esteems bonds higher or lower than its unique worth. So when a financial specialist purchases a bond and the intrigue falls, the estimation of the bond rises, and when the intrigue rises, the cost of the bond falls. Value changes in bonds happen in selections of bonds. Longer term bond costs are more variable than transient bond costs and progressively dangerous. Longer term securities are increasingly presented to loan fee dangers on the grounds that the long stream of premium installments to financial specialists doesn't coordinate the current market loan costs. (AAII) Coupon loan fees differ and changes since it is brought about by the vacillation of paces of interests. Interests in bonds might be fixed, drifting or payable at development. Financing costs fluctuate in light of the fact that a few dealers and purchasers of security need to have a customizable loan cost which is identified with the predominant market rates. This is known as a

How convincing is Porter's model of national competitive advantage in Essay - 2

How persuading is Porter's model of national upper hand in clarifying the functions and accomplishments of significant country - Essay Example Boss exercises are held up by the foundation of the association, staff the board, innovation development and acquirement. By the by, the Porter’s model has its powerless point. In the monetary sense, the model expect a customary market. The more the creation is managed, the less huge bits of knowledge the model can offer. Porter’s model is suitable for investigation of a straightforward market structure. The model is established on the possibility of rivalry. The new enthusiasm for state intensity has opened up the discussion on the genuine significance and comprehension of worldwide seriousness of nations. The administration hypotheses that association intensity can grow to nation seriousness as clarified by Porter in his precious stone work outline and the globe intensity reports. To understand why so much pressure is set on the jewel structure in the association writing, a differentiation must be rough between the feeling of intensity at a country level and worldwide seriousness. National intensity and national precious stone Conventional speculations of worldwide arrangement recommend that near bit of leeway lives in the factor enrichment with the goal of a nation to acquire. Factor enrichments involve land, common stores, work and the element of the neighborhood populace. Gladwell (2000) contends that a nation can make novel propelled issue blessing, for example, achieved work, a solid aptitude and information base, organization backing and culture. Watchman utilized a precious stone formed drawing as the premise of system to embody the determinants of national bit of leeway. This precious stone speaks to the national playing field that nations build up businesses. There are studies connected to serious advantage of a national precious stone. The stock of elements at a given period is less huge than the degree that they are improved and sent. Inconsistent detriments in factor of creation urge advancement. Antagonistic specifications, for exam ple, work and shortage of rare crude materials constrain firms to come up new techniques and this curiosity regularly prompts an across the nation upper hand. While the market of a specific item is very much fabricated locally than in abroad markets the neighborhood associations give more fixation to that item than to abroad firms. This prompts a serious advantage when the nearby associations are sending out the item. A representation of how an industry can give an upper hand is removed from Japan .The Japanese copy industry embodies the precious stone of national addition. Japanese accomplished strength in this industry for different causes. Japanese factor conditions: Japan has a similarly high number of electrical wangles per capita. Japanese interest conditions: The Japanese commercial center was requesting for the explanation of the composed language. There was sizeable number of related and following ventures with great innovation. For example great scaled down segments as the re is less space in Japan. Local rivalry in the Japanese fax machine industry urged development and came about to quick cost decreases. Organization support-the state possessed telecom organization (NTT) misshaped its awkward endorsement necessities from every establishment to an extra broad sort

5 Ways To Take The Load Off After A Stressful Work Day

5 Ways To Take The Load Off After A Stressful Work Day Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Ways To Take The Load Off After A Stressful Work DayUpdated On 05/08/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2ZzJfiJ CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThere is no denying the fact that work can be stressful. You probably feel like you’re overwhelmed and exhausted when you return home. However, you should know that you don’t have to go through life feeling stressed out. There are plenty of ways to deal with your stress. However, you need to understand that some methods are going to be better than others. Within this guide, you’ll discover 5 ways to take the load off after a stressful day at work.Watch TelevisionFirst and foremost, you should think about watching television. This is a good way to obtain a little entertainment. It will allow you to escape your responsibilities for a brief period. Once you’ve turned on the television, youâ €™ll be able to immerse yourself in a fantasy world. You won’t have to worry about the things going on around you. In return, your stress will dissipate and you’ll start feeling better about the day.Read A BookSome people like watching television. Others would prefer to read a book. Reading a good way to expand your knowledge while also escaping reality for a brief period. It is best to stick with fantasy books. This will ensure that you’re able to escape stories that would hit too close to home. Either way, kicking back with a good book in your hand is a great way to put your mind at ease.Take A BathWhile you’re at it, you should think about taking a bath. Throw some aromatherapy into the picture and you’ll be able to eliminate your stress quickly. When you soak in the water, you’ll think about how amazing the water feels on your body. You will not be able to focus on your worries. In return, you’ll start feeling better about everything.READ5 Tips for Posting Videos a nd Images OnlinePlaying GamesAnother great way to eliminate your stress is to play games. There are many great games out there and all of them are going to take your mind off of your worries. You can always play poker. Or, you can play PlayStation games. The possibilities are endless. Either way, you should sit back and turn on the computer or console. When you’re engrossed in the game, you’re not going to be able to stress out. You’ll have fun. Once the session has concluded, you’re going to walk away feeling so much better about things. Just remember to play moderately so you do not do yourself any harm.Go For A WalkFinally, you should think about going for a walk. This is another great way to eliminate your stress and it can have an abundance of other benefits. For instance, you’re going to get a little exercise. When you’re out there walking, you’ll be able to focus on your pace and nature. You won’t be worrying about the things that happened at the office. You d on’t have to walk far or long. A good ten or twenty-minute walk will do the trick. Once you’ve returned home, you’ll feel amazing and you’ll be ready for bed.

The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell - 1018 Words

Hunters and Hunters The story by Richard Connell â€Å"The most Dangerous Game† is a very thrilling, eventful story. Its full of many plot twists and turns. It focuses on one man s struggle for safety and another man s idea of what’s socially acceptable. He claims that there are two types of people. The hunters and the huntees. Zaroff believes that the weak people were only placed onto the earth to serve and please the stronger kind. Meaning he was a stronger person, and anyone he believes he is better than is worthless. Richard Connell s story, â€Å"The most Dangerous Game† Rainsford, a very skill and acquired big game hunter falls overboard a ship and swims to what he believes is safety. Boy was he wrong! He is walking and stumbles across a huge mansion. Thinking its vacant he enters, big mistake. In the mansion he meets the hunters. He later finds out they arent only hunting animals and he might just become their next victim. In this story Zaroff’s overconfidence will g et the best of him and he will not be very lucky. He claims he is the best hunter in the world and attempts to kill Rainsford and chases him all over the island. In this short story, the hunters are Zaroff and Ivan. They are the ones hunting down Rainsford and trying to kill him on the island. In the beginning Rainsford believes that Ivan and Zaroff just hunt large game. He is correct but that begins to bore zaroff and he moves onto to a more hard to catch pray, hence the title, â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game’Show MoreRelatedThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1398 Words   |  6 Pages Richard Connell s short work of fiction â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† blurs the line between humans and animals and explores some of the causes of fear, especially the primal fear of being hunted. Appropriately, it is a suspense-driven work and relies heavily on the use of certain techniques to make sure the reader feels, or at least understands, the terror that the protagonist Sanger Rainsford feels. In the narrative, two techniques are combined to create suspense: careful use of foreshadowing createsRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell908 Words   |  4 Pagesscreenplay for a movie called High Noon; a classic tale of when the hunter becomes the hunted. Then in 1924, Richard Connell wrote another classic, called The Most Dangerous Game. Although both stories demonstrate similar examples of the setting and conflict, the main characters react very differently to the unusual situations they find themselves stuck in. High Noon and The Most Dangerous Game share many similarities throughout the text. For example the setting. Both stories do a great job of displayingRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1003 Words   |  5 Pagesuneventful; many people need suspense and drama to feel motivated and engaged in things; this is the same for books. In the book, â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†, by Richard Connell, the author used various literature methods to create suspense; the techniques he includes are used differently depending on which part of the plot they are used in.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the story, Richard Connell uses imagery words to create a setting for the story. In turn, the setting gives readers an idea in regards to what is to happen laterRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell692 Words   |  3 Pagespsychotic man. This psychopath is a fellow hunter, but desires to poach even greater and smarter game with extremely high intelligence, and is the smartest animal of all -- humans. Throughout the story, the author creates a suspenseful mood through several conflicts the main character encounters, while struggling to survive the â€Å"most dangerous game.† In Richard Connell’s short adventure story, â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† Rainsford, a hunter, travels to South America on a hunting expedition, when he carelesslyRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1008 Words   |  5 PagesWhenever you hear the word evil or immoral, what pops up into your head? The character General Zaroff from a story called â€Å"The M ost Dangerous Game† written by Richard Connell pops up into my head. General Zaroff is a man who lives on an island called Ship-Trap Island. Zaroff proves his immorally so many ways in the story. He lures sailors onto this island by using a bright light to trap them into a fake cannel, kidnaps the sailors, and then hunts them. Zaroff is an evil person who kills humansRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell828 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† written by Richard Connell in 1924, was made into a movie in 1932. While transitioning the story to a movie, changes were made to the plot. The three changes from the short story to the film version of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† include the setup, the characters, and the game. These changes were made to make it possible to be filmed and to amuse the audiences. In the story, it starts off with Rainsford on a yacht with his friend Whitney. They are headed to Ship-Trap IslandRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1318 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod Richard Connell uses to create suspense in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is slowing down the exposition with the purpose of dragging it out and creating a pace that keeps the reader waiting in a prolonged state of suspense. For example, on page 9, Rainsford stumbles upon the chateau after washing up on Ship-Trap island where he is greeted by its owner, saying â€Å"‘It is a very great pleasure to welcome Mr. Sanger Rainsford, the celebrated hunter, to my home...I am General Zaroff.’† Connell is usingRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell857 Words   |  4 Pages Richard Connell, the author of â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† used the setting in different functions through perseverance in his short story. One of the most critical elements of plot used in this story was suspense. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† the setting was used to create this, especially through water and foreshadowing. At the very beginning of the story, Whitney, Rainsford’s hunting partner, tells him that the nearby island was called â€Å"Ship-Trap Island.† This foreshadowing leads to a moreRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell852 Words   |  4 PagesRichard Connell’s 1924 short story titled â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is widely considered a masterfully dark work of short fiction, one that pulls the reader into surreal and chilling circumstances. Through his narrative, Connell provokes both intellect and emotion as he asks questions at the very core of human existence, questions concerning morality and ethics as understood by the modern individual. What is the value of human life? Does power justify action? With his macabre tone, Connell takesRead Mor eThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1360 Words   |  6 PagesYen Nguyen Mr. Crockwell English Acc 1p: Period 1 24 September 2017 The Most Dangerous Essay Underestimation and cruel actions lead to many things. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† author Richard Connell reveals a conflict between the main characters, General Zaroff and Rainsford. Rainsford was to play the most dangerous game created by Zaroff, because the only way to survive, is to win it, otherwise death is the only other option. As demonstrated through the use of personification, symbolism, and

Essay on Fame in Djerassi’s Cantors Dilemma - 1070 Words

Dreams of Fame in Djerassi’s Cantors Dilemma Opportunistic scientists, the most hypocritical deviants of the modern age, revolve around the scientific method, or at least they used to. The scientific method once involved formulating a hypothesis from a problem posed, experimenting, and forming a conclusion that best explained the data collected. Yet today, those who are willing to critique the work of their peers are themselves performing the scientific method out of sequence. I propose that scientists, or the treasure hunters of that field, are no longer interested in permanent solutions, achieved through proper use of the scientific method, and rather are more interested in solutions that guarantee fame and fortune.†¦show more content†¦Krauss is nothing more than a black mailing criminal and, as a opportunistic scientist, is motivated by a lust for recognition. The theme of scientists in search of the pot of gold is mentioned by the characters of Cantors Dilemma. Cantor states, ...most scientists suffer from some sort of dissociative personality: on one side, the rigorous believer in the experimental method, with its set of rules and its ultimate objective of advancing knowledge; on the other, the fallible human being with all the accompanying foibles.1 Cantor continues to describe the issue of simultaneous discovery and then strikes right at the heart of the scientists who step beyond the bounds of the scientific method. He states, ...a scientists drive, his self-esteem, are really based on a very simple desire: recognition by ones peers.2 Recognition is what the Nobel is about, and if a fictional scientist has to ignore the methodology that governs science to get it, so be it. Yet, the Nobel Prize is real and so are the deviant scientists. In real life there are corrupt scientists who will do whatever it takes to receive popularity. Pharmaceuticals are an industry that is especially well acquainted with this area. Depakote is a little known, yet, versatile drug. Originally, Depakote was used as a seizure medication , but through sheer faith in an unproved theory was it tried in the treatment of

The Effects of Bullying and Cyber Bullying Essay - 1925 Words

The biggest problem our society faces is bullying. According to Websters dictionary bullying is defined as one habitually cruel to others who are weaker Bullying is the leading driver of low self esteem, suicides, low academic achievement and depression. I believe it is a problem because, there are too many teens that are abused by bullies. In 2010 at least 3 million students reported being bully, now think of all the students that are not reporting out of fear. The world would be a lot better if there werent any bullies on it. The underlying issues with bullying is the student no longer feels safe. The Columbine High school shooting is almost a perfect example of what can happen in the world when bullied victims have had enough .†¦show more content†¦One day after school a group of girls beat her up. Everyone filmed it on their cell phones and uploaded that video on the internet as well. She tried to commit suicide countless times by cutting her wrist and drinking bleac h. She says there is only so much abuse a person can take. She moved to a different city twice, but at her new school someone her pictures to her new teachers and classmates. Six months later Amanda committed suicide by hanging herself. Suicide is the leading cause of death among teens, and bullied victims are more likely to end their life. The man that made the facebook profile, which was ultimately the main tormentor and reason Amanda took her life was never charged. After Amanda died police found messages sent through Facebook were girls were happy she had committed suicide. Another 12 year old girl named Becca Sedwick was cyber bullied by a group of 15 girls and she received online messages that convinced her that she was better off dead. The authorities tried to file charges against the group of girls but since there is no law nothing could be done. The law regarding cyber bulling can be somewhat confusing. If it is an adult that is harassing, humiliating or threatening a anot her child or teen then it is classified as cyber harassment. And cyber harassment is taken much more serious. If it is a minor against another minor then it is referred to as cyber bulling. Cyber bullying may rise to a misdemeanor cyber harassment charge but most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Bullying And Cyber Bullying1811 Words   |  8 PagesThe effects of bullying and cyber bullying in today’s society have grave consequences that can lead to the untimely deaths of many children throughout the nation. In the past there have been numerous incidents involving teenagers shooting up schools and most recently children taking their own lives because they were tortured, teased in school, and made fun of online in their very own homes. What is a bully and what can we do to prevent our children from harming themselves and others because of theseRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled i n past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects952 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying is a term that has only gained notoriety in the past few years. Like many things that adapt to their surroundings, cyber-bullying is no exception. As new ways to socialize appear every year, it is a great tool for children and adults alike to communicate with friends and family. However, it can also turn into a tool of terrorization just as easily. The term bullying is usually defined as aggression that is intentionally carried out by one or more indivi duals and repeatedly targetedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1146 Words   |  5 PagesCyber bullying as defined by (Mason, 2008, p, 325) is â€Å"an individual or a group wilfully using information and communication involving electronic technologies to facilitate deliberate and repeated harassment or threat to another individual or group by sending or posting cruel text and/or graphics using te chnological means†. Cyber bullying is also any behaviour performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intendedRead More The Detrimental Effects of Traditional Bullying and Cyber Bullying 2786 Words   |  12 Pages6-12 reported being bullied. Only 9% reported injuries or needing medical attention. Fast forward to 2011 when these same victims of traditional bullying are now college-aged. After suffering the detrimental effects of their traditional bullying experiences, these same individuals now face a new form of bullying with the help of technology: cyber bullying. With the help of high-tech methods of communication, bullies are targeting their victims in non-traditional forms; not with a push or punch thrownRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1536 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been an extreme issue all around the world for hundreds of years, and since modern technology has advanced, so has cyber bullying. â€Å"‘Gimme’ your lunch money† has turned into texting and posting gruesome threats and embarrassing material all over social media. Millions of kids all over the world have taken their own lives due to the harmful effects of cyber bullying. Problems that cannot be resolved independently are brought to court, and the government has bec ome increasingly involvedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1201 Words   |  5 PagesINTRO Cyber bullying is any form of bullying that takes place over the internet, whether via texts, twitter or other forms of social media. Approximately 52% of children have reported being cyber bullied at one point, or another*. While this number may not seem catastrophic, this statistic is based only on the instances of cyber bullying that have been reported. The reality is that there are many more children who have been cyber bullied, and did not tell anyone that it was happening to them. AnotherRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are two specific types of bullying. Bullying in itself and cyber bullying are two of the worst and most aggressive behaviors teenagers are involved in these days. No matter how this problem comes about or what process individuals go through to get to this point, it is an irresponsible yet dangerous form of action. Bullying in any form can cause harm to the victim, even death. Making a choice to be a bully is like that of building a bad character for one’s self. Definition CentersRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society1283 Words   |  6 Pagesis also now being used to cause harm to people. Cyber bullying differs from traditional physical bullying, because it occurs through emails, texts, or social media. The person behind the computer can remain anonymous because the internet allows individuals to make up false information. Negative effects, such as depression, suicide, and anxiety are some factors resulted in cyber bullying. There is a strong emotional impact caused by cyber bullying due to the lack of remorse demonstrated online.

Cash Management at Richmond Corporation free essay sample

CASH MANAGEMENT AT RICHMOND CORPORATION Everest University Financial Management Dr. John Halstead April 8th, 2011 ABSTRACT Team D researched and worked out three problems to find out how Richmond Corporation, a mail order company which has grown extensively to four states due to being on the internet and because of the wide geographical area of its customers, now has to determined which cash management system will be the best for the company. The team has to provide answers to determine whether Richmond should proceed with the concentration banking system, the total net cash flow will be able to meet payroll and the cost of the transfer being indifferent between the two systems. CASH MANAGEMENT AT RICHMOND CORPORATION Richmond Corporation was founded 20 years ago by its president, Daniel Richmond. The company originally began as a mail-order company but has grown rapidly in recent years, in large part due to its Web site. Because of the wide geographical dispersion of the company’s customers, it currently employs a lockbox system with collection centers in San Francisco, St. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Management at Richmond Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Louis, Atlanta, and Boston. Steve Dennis, the company’s treasurer, has been examining the current cash collection policies. On average, each lockbox center handles $235,000 in payments each day. The company’s current policy is to invest these payments in short-term marketable securities daily at the collection center banks. Every two weeks the investment accounts are swept, and the proceeds are wire-transferred to Richmond’s headquarters in Dallas to meet the company’s payroll. The investment accounts each pay . 68 percent per day, and the wire transfers cost . 20 percent of the amount transferred. Steve has been approached by Third National Bank, located just outside Dallas, about the possibility of setting up a concentration banking system for Richmond Corp. Third National will accept the lockbox centers’ daily payments via automatic clearinghouse (ACH) transfers in lieu of wire transfers. The ACH-transferred funds will not be available for use fo r one day. Once cleared, the funds will be deposited in a short-term account, which will yield . 75 percent per day. Each ACH transfer will cost $200. Daniel has asked Steve to determine which cash management system will be the best for the company. Steve has asked you, his assistant, to answer the following questions. 1. What is Richmond Corporation total net cash flow from the current lockbox system available to meet payroll? The amount collected each day is $235,000. The amount transferred is total amount collected on a daily bases from the four different locations for a period of 14 days, plus the interest in the amount of 0. 68 per day. Daily collection=235,000 per lock box Number of lock box=4 235,0004=$940,000 Wire transfer cost=0. 20% Interest rate=0. 068% per day Net cash flow =$940,000x. 002=$1,880 $940,000-1,880=$938,120 Future value=present value(1+interest)n Future value=$938,120(1+0. 0068). 4 1. 0068x. 04=1. 0003 $938,1201. 0003=$938,401. 43 for 1 day 2 weeks= $938,401 . 4314 Total net cash flow$13,137,620 2. Under the terms outlined by Third National Bank, should the company proceed with the concentration banking system? Richmond Corporation should proceed with the concentration banking system. By using the concentration banking system, it would be saving Richmond Corporation some money. With the current cash collection policies, using the lock box, it is costing Richmond Corporation a little bit of extra money. Net cash flow=$940,000 Each ACH=2004=800 940,000-800=$939,200 Short term will yield . 075=$939,200(1+. 0075) FV=PV(1+i)n (1. 0075). 04=1. 0003 PV= $939,2001. 003=$$939,481. 6 for 1 day 2 weeks= $939,481. 7614=$13,152,745 3. What cost of ACH transfers would make the company indifferent between the two systems? 1,880+14=26,320 per lock box Concentration banking system=800 per day 80014 =11,200 Over a two week period =26,320-11,200=15,120 15,120/14 Indifferent between the two =1,080 Work Cited Ross, S. , Westerfield, W. , Jaffe, J. , (2010) Corporate Finance, 9th ed. The McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Policing Styles free essay sample

In order to deal with a vast and varying array of problems and situations in the line of duty, the police department employs a multitude of operational strategies. Also they can employ a series of specialized strategies and techniques for more detailed and complex investigations which would take place over a longer period of time. A few examples of core police strategies include: preventative patrol, aggressive patrol, and directed patrol. Preventative patrol is defined as an attempt to stop crimes before they happen. (This can be implemented through several strategies such as a beat cop keeping an eye out for trouble whether he’s – or she – is on foot, bike, or horse.) Aggressive patrol can be seen whenever the police cracks down on a suspects and arrests them for their wrongdoing. Directed patrol, however, keeps the police patrol time centered in high crime areas and neighborhoods. When it comes to the style of policing, you must first take a look at the different situations that a police officer might come upon. We will write a custom essay sample on Policing Styles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In crowd control, a police officer would want to use preventative patrol. Doing this would mean that he is keeping an eye out for any troublemakers and would be able to take care of them quickly if anything should happen. (This would also put the crowd at ease, as he wouldn’t be aggressive towards those who weren’t causing trouble.) In arresting a suspect/apprehending an offender, the police officer would want to use aggressive patrol as he would need to crack down on him before he could do anything else wrong. In other words, he wouldn’t want to be passive about someone doing something wrong and would want to take action. Helping someone in need would be considered a form of directed patrol, as the officer would have his attention focused solely on who needed his help. (Thus, his attention wouldn’t be directed elsewhere.) Community policing is defined as a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. In theory this means that the police and the community work together and become partners to keep the crime in a neighborhood down. If anyone in the community sees anything that could be considered suspicious activity from anyone in the neighborhood, they would call the police and the  police would take a look into it. It’s a benefit for the community because they know that they have the backing of the local police department if anything happened and it’s a benefit for the police because it shows that the community trusts them to do their jobs.

Lessons Learned Essay Example

Lessons Learned Essay Example Lessons Learned Essay Lessons Learned Essay Essay Topic: A Lesson Before Dying Jhesson Ynoa Eng11 – 1857 May 10, 2010 In the essays that we have read this semester, the authors were effective in helping their readers to learn something from the authors various subject matters, which could be used in the readers’ own lives. I have chosen four essays that I have read this term from which I have learned from. The four essays I decided on are: â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell, â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation† by Deborah Tannen, â€Å"What Really Scares Us† by David Ropeik, and â€Å"Delusions of Grandeur† by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. In George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† Orwell writes of his experience in British ruled India in the early Twentieth Century. At the time, he was a young, inexperienced soldier stationed there to help protect the Queen’s interests. While he was there, he had to do something that had made some ethical conflicts within him. Orwell had to kill an elephant that had run rampant in lust throughout a village. In its rampage the elephant destroyed a truck, a hut, and killed a villager. The villagers were obviously upset about the situation and he was called upon to restore the order before anything or anyone was hurt. Throughout the ordeal, he decided that it was best to kill the elephant. His reasons for doing so, however, were not as clear-cut. He said his ultimate decision was to not look bad in front of the villagers that gave him a degree of shame. Orwell’s decision is to keep a measure of order and respect within the community. The British presence there has to be kept where respect and discipline are always maintained. If not, the anarchy that would eventually ensue would make laws and codes harder to enforce. â€Å"The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly. With such vast odds against the troops there, if he showed the slightest weakness, the villagers would pounce upon him; everything would descend into chaos. At that precise moment, he realized that the British rule there was utterly void and useless, â€Å"And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first graspe d the hollowness, the futility of the white man’s dominion in the east. † What choice did he have then? No more than when the damage done by the elephant was done. In order to preserve the common good, he had to do something he did not want to. Lessons learned from this essay are the effects of imperialism or as Orwell called it, the â€Å"evils of Imperialism†. It is obvious that Orwell didn’t shoot the elephant because he wanted to but because of the influence from the British oppressors. One can use this essay as an example not only to notice the effects of bad influence amongst an entire population but learn of imperialism and its negative effects. Even though one has been conquered they don’t have to become as them which can lead to even more unjust doing. In Deborah Tannen’s â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation†, Tannen explains how differently men and women perceive conversation in their relationship. She states that the lack of conversation is generating conflicting issues from both men and women who are in a relationship. This is due to the fact that men and women have very different expectations of communication. Tannen describes how differences in communication start during childhood socialization. Tannen states that for women, as for little girls, intimacy is the fabric of relationships, and talk is the thread from which it is woven. For young girls and women, conversation what creates and maintains friendship. By sharing secrets, thoughts, and feelings girls and women build intimacy in their relationships. As for boys, Tannen explains that bonds between boys can be as intense as girls’, but they are based less on talking, more on doing things together. Since they don’t assume that talk is what creates a relationship, men don’t know what kind of talk women want. Young boys are more inclusive with each other, creating larger groups of friends. Within these large groups, boys compete with each other to avoid the subordinate position. Intimate conversation is a form of weakness for boys and men which can play a role in women’s complaints that men don’t listen to them. Some men really don’t like to listen, because being the listener makes them feel one down, like a child listening to an adult. One impression of not listening results from differences in the mechanics of conversation. Deborah Tannen studies videotapes made by psychologist Paul Dorval of children and adults talking to their same sex best friends. Within all ages, the girls and women face each other in conversation with direct eye contact. Unlike the boys and men, who would not face one another and periodically glanced around the room. By facing away and little eye, it gives women the impression that the men are not listening. Another habit described in the essay is the switching of topics. Women in conversation about problems will ask probing questions, and express agreement and understanding. Men in the other hand are not as inquisitive. They will dismiss each other’s problems with simple statements and switch to a topic about themselves. Women perceive these responses as insensitive and unsupportive. Tannen also describes how a woman’s conversational habits are just as frustrating to men. In close comfortable surroundings, women overlap each other, finish each other’s sentences, and anticipate what the other is going to say. Men feel this behavior is an interruption, intrusion, and lack of attention. Women also love to talk to one another, expressing agreement and support but men see their conversational role as pointing out the other side of the argument. Women don’t mind another point of view as long as it is in the form of a suggestion or inquiry rather than as a direct challenge. All these differences in this essay begin to clarify why men and women have such different expectations of communication. Tannen suggests, once men and women understand these differences, improvement in communication will come naturally. In the future one can use the information in this essay to recognize his or her differences when it comes to conversation and learn to alter their behavior to improve communication with their partner, rather than right and wrong which can lead to breaking up or divorce. In David Ropeik’s â€Å"What Really Scares Us†, Ropeik argues that Humans perceive risk through emotions rather than reasoning even though we obtain a highly advanced brain which gives us the power to reason. Ropeik says that the reason humans perceive risk emotionally before reasoning is because our brains are biologically built to fear first and think second. The brain has two parts that are built mainly for reasoning and emotion. One of these parts is called the prefrontal cortex, behind your forehead, which is the area where we do a lot of our reasoning and thinking. The other part, which is the brain’s key emotion center, is the amygdala. Because of the way the brain is built, information gets to the amygdale first before getting to the prefrontal cortex. In that case a person would react emotionally fearful before ever having a chance to reason and consider the facts. The turning of raw sensory information, for instance confusing a stick for a snake, into fear is due to the built-in patterns in our brains that interpret sensory information that help us subconsciously filter incoming messages, making us more afraid of some things than others. Ropeik also uses statistical information which makes Ropeik’s argument a lot more effective. For instance when Ropeik talks about dread, one of the emotional factors that determine our fears, he states â€Å"Things that can kill us in really awful ways seem riskier. We’re more afraid of being eaten alive by a shark (odds, 1 in 281,000,000) or dying in a plane crash (1 in 9,000,000) than dying from heart disease (1 in 300). † The use of numbers in Ropeik’s essay almost makes it unimaginable to be eaten by a shark or dying in a plane crash. The difference is vast. But, don’t think that because of the odds it is alright to not fear a shark. A shark attack might seem rare but they do occur. One could never believe that they could be the victim a heart attack but due to our fears, when we’re on a plane or at the beach that fear of dying in a crash or being eaten alive succumbs us. When we hear heart attack, most might laugh it off and think that it could never happen to them. The numbers in the other hand tell a whole different story. Using the information from this essay one can learn not to be so fearful of things that are unlikely to happen. In the future one should do a lot more reasoning then letting their emotions get the best of them. Fear is nothing but a state of mind which can sometimes trap us. In â€Å"Delusions of Grandeur† by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Gates argues about the importance of education for black youths. African American students should take their education a lot more serious rather than aspire to careers as athletes. Gates states that African American youngsters believe that they have a much better chance of becoming another Magic Johnson or Michael Jordan than they do of matching the achievements of Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke or neurosurgeon Dr. Benjamin Carson, both of whom, like Johnson and Jordan, are black. He also uses statistics which very few people would believe if they weren’t reading them in the pages of Sports Illustrated. Here are the facts: There are 1,200 black professional athletes in the U. S. There are 12 times more black lawyers than black athletes, 2-1/2 times more black dentists than black athletes, and 15 times more black doctors than black athletes. Considering the statistics, becoming a professional athlete is more like a dream than reality. As Gates stated, â€Å"In reality, an African-American youngster has about as much chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery. † The odds of winning the lottery are 18 million to 1 and that is only a single state lottery. Nevertheless, the blind pursuit of attainment in sports is having a devastating effect on the African-American people. Henry also argues that public schools fail to educate athletes which lead to the school almost failing to educate everyone. Only 26. % of black athletes at the collegiate level earn their degrees. For every successful educated black professional athlete, there are thousands of dead and wounded. Yet young blacks continue to aspire to careers as athletes. The thought of sports being the â€Å"only way out† for young blacks should be sought out. These young athletes must understand that education is the best method to achieve success. A sport is an alternative, if he or she is that good. From this e ssay people learn of the effects that sports has brought amongst young blacks. It isn’t entirely their fault but also the fault of public schools. In the future we can use this information to inform the young blacks, whether it’s our friend, a classmate or even our next door neighbor, who strive to be professional athletes, of the effects of sports that can hold them back from a good education. These essays which I have read and studied this semester proved to be worthwhile. They have learned from them things that I in the future can use to my advantage. The lessons learned from all four of these essays can help everyone in various ways. Whether it was George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† and its lesson of imperialism or Deborah Tannen’s â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation† and the lesson of men and women’s expectations of communication. Whether it was David Ropeik’s â€Å"What Really Scares Us† and its lesson of reasoning and emotion or Henry Louis Gates’ â€Å"Delusions of Grandeur† and its lesson of the importance of education for black youths. All these essays have something in common and it’s that they all have a lesson to be learned which will be used for the better of ourselves and for the better of others. 1. Orwell, George. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† Rhetorical Choices, ed. Keith Gilyard. New York, Pearson Longman, 2007: Pages 66-73. 2. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation† Rhetorical Choices, ed. Keith Gilyard. New York, Pearson Longman, 2007: Pages 454-459. 3. Ropeik, David. â€Å"What Really Scares Us† Rhetorical Choices, ed. Keith Gilyard. New York, Pearson Longman, 2007: Pages 533-535. 4. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. â€Å"Delusions of Grandeur† Rhetorical Choices, ed. Keith Gilyard. New York, Pearson Longman, 2007: Pages 247-249

E-commerce, Monster. Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-commerce, Monster. Inc - Essay Example This strategy is based on co-operative business activities between two or more firms, entered into for strategic reasons, involving the creation of a separate business entity under joint control and ownership. For Monster.com this is a very attractive strategy which helps to save millions of dollars on advertising. For instance, "the combination of AOL Europe's strong consumer reach and Monster's established leadership position in the global recruiting market will result in a robust European career center for both job seekers and employers" (Monster.com Announces Strategic Alliance With AOL Europe, 2006). International expansion through strategic acquisitions helped monster to expend globally. Acquisition policy is undoubtedly the most radical growth strategy open to management in that it represents a deliberate attempt to change the nature of the business. When the overall market has been growing, it is easy for companies with a small market share to gain share. This is because the absolute level of sales of the established companies may still be growing. In 2004 Monster.com acquired jobpilot which "provides Monster with the leadership position in Germany, a key growth opportunity for Monster Europe, and it will significantly extend Monster's reach, capabilities and footprint in central Europe" (Monster World Wide Expands, 2006). Strategic alliances helped Monster.com to expand to Asian countries, for instance MonsterIndia.com. Minor strategic acquisitions took place in 1998 and involved Future Pages, College Town U.S.A. and Golden Key National Honor Society. These alliances were aimed to involve college jobseeker in online college marketplace nationwide. (TMP Worldwide's, 1999). Making a name for itself strategy also helps Mionster.com to strengthen its brand and increase market share. This enables further commercial opportunities for the brand owners and legitimizes the investment in website development and maintenance. In this respect, connecting the brand site and the social aptitude of community participants potentially creates a new marketing tool. Advertising during a Super Bowl and other sports events is a part of this strategy, which proved its effectiveness. Customers integrate all their experiences of observing, using, or consuming a service with everything they hear and read about it. Information about Monster.com comes from a variety of sources and cues, including advertising publicity, sales personnel, and packaging. Brand equity can also be thought of as an asset representing the value created by the relationship between the Monster brand and customers over time. (www.monster.com) Online community is one of the most important PR strategies applied by Monstar.com. On-line community improves communication and interaction between job-seekers and managers of the company. It becomes an interactive system that allows individual jobseekers to find the best solution and the best job according to their needs and expectations. As the most important, jobseekers have a possibility to express their opinion openly about the services they receive. Monster.com community covers wide range of different community groups and topic to meet the needs of diverse target audience. It includes samples of resumes and general tips for jobseekers, samples of cover letters and interview tips, discussion boards and interactive communication, different chat rooms and forums, etc. (Monster.com Community, 2006) This communication channel helps Monstar.com to develop profitable,

Write a Criminal Sentence Reduction Letter Term Paper

Write a Criminal Sentence Reduction Letter - Term Paper Example This letter thus pleads for leniency in his sentencing on the basis that he has no prior criminal record and his remorseful about the incident. That the jury was also convinced after a few hours of deliberations that the accused did not intentionally end the life of his victim also shows that it was actually an accident and the accused did not have any malice aforethought (Spohn 25). The defendant being my cousin, I have known him since his childhood. In this period, he has been a law-abiding citizen who has never had any encounter with the criminal justice system on account of a crime or other acts of disorderliness. I can therefore confidently vouch for his good character that has seen him go through the school system to reach college. As a college student, the defendant has been a rather productive and positive member of society, particularly in assisting and advising younger children in the family and the neighborhood on their educational endeavors and career choices. From his productivity in the community, it is thus understandable that the defendant made a mistake in his actions that led to the death of the victim. Understandably, the many instances he has served the community positively make him a worthy consideration for leniency. This letter thus requests the defendant’s sentencing to be reduced on grounds of his good character and behavior prior to the commission of the crime and his remorse for the crime committed. Additionally, while under police custody, the accused has also shown considerably good conduct by indulging in religion,-, education-, and work-related activities and responsibilities (Lawyers.com 3). Furthermore, while under custody, he has continued to engage in training activities that could be useful after his release. If his sentence is reduced and he is released early, there are many good nurtured family members and friends who will support him financially, socially, and emotional to help him recover

The Influence Of Thomas Reid In Philosophy And Psychology Philosophy Essay

The Influence Of Thomas Reid In Philosophy And Psychology Philosophy Essay This paper discusses how Thomas Reid was influential in psychology and philosophy. It talks about his works and his common sense philosophy. It discusses direct realism and his philosophical outlook on the theory of knowledge. Reid is also compared with David Hume and his ideas of skepticism. John Locke and Berkeley are also mentioned as influencing Reids philosophy. He rejects Humes arguments and publishes his own book about his own theories based on contradictions to Hume. He also gave lectures at different Universities that he worked at. Some of these lectures appear in his essays that he produces in his retirement. His common sense works show that we can perceive the world accurately through our senses and experiences with people are similar. And his essays talk about the reasoning and ideas that are not metaphysical in the world, but are real. Thomas Reid was a Scottish philosopher during the 18th century whose most famous contributions to the philosophy of intellect are his common sense works, his rational thinking, and his criticisms of fellow British empiricists, particularly Hume. He defended the existence of reasoning powers and influenced many others, including American thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and faculty psychology. Thomas Reid was born on April 26, 1710. His father, Lewis Reid, was a reverend for 58 years, and his mother, Margaret Gregory, lived a shorter life and died when Thomas was 22 in 1732. He came from a long line of intellectuals on both sides of the family that attended college. Reid had an older bother, David, who was five years apart and two younger sisters Isobel and Jane. He grew up in a rural area in a valley in Strachan just outside of Aberdeen on the north-east side of Scotland. This area also was the hometown of Immanuel Kant, who was another local philosophy celebrity during this time period and had a few parallels with Reid (britannica, 2011). Reid started attended a small country school when he was ten years old, then transferred to Aberdeen Grammar School, a higher and more prestigious school, until 1722. He then left to go to Marischal College at age twelve which was a norm in the area and time period. Reids granduncle, James Gregory, graduated college at the age Thomas started (Fraser, 1898). George Turnbull was Reids college philosophy professor for three years, and his influence had a large impact on Reid. Turnbull used much of Berkeleys philosophy in his teachings; this included his version of common sense: Common sense is sufficient to teach those who think of the matter with seriousness and attention all the duties of common life; all our obligations to God and our fellow-men; all that is morally fit and binding (Fraser, 1898). This meant that the spiritual facts of the mind cannot be ignored because of facts seen in the visible world, and what we call matter are only sensible ideas that come from us personally. These teachings influenced indirectly by Berkeley played an important role in Reids life. Thomas Reid studied theology from late 1726 to 1731 as per a requirement for the Church. This is one of the parallels with Kant and Reid; they are both theologically trained. After his completion of theology, Reid found a job as a librarian back at Marischal College in 1733, after his mothers death. Another Kant parallel was that he was a librarian after finishing college, but Kant got  £10 yearly while Reid only got  £9. While a librarian, Reids undergraduate friend and then current Professor of Mathematics at Marischal, Stewart, asked Reid to go him with on a tour of England in 1736. Other than this one particular instance, Reid, like Kant, did not travel far from his home for the rest of his life (Fraser, 1898). After his job as a librarian, Reid was presented the position of pastoral charge of New Machar, a town near Aberdeen, upon his return home. This position was administrator of the church. There was a problem because of rural prejudice, which was influenced by a sermon in early 1737 by Rev. Bisset, which made Reid a victim to attacks and mistreatment when got ordained later that year. Because of this sermon Reid was attacked because he was rural and not from a big city. Those who fought against him would come to change their opinions after his fifteen years there, to where they would have fought for him when he went away (Fraser, 1898) . Thomas got married in 1740, to his cousin Elizabeth, who was his Uncle Dr. George Reids daughter. With her he had six daughters and three sons, and one of the five daughters born in New Machar, died at not even a year old. His wife, in 1746, became critically ill and Reids religious side came out in some of his manuscripts, showing his devotion to god and his wife in his writings. His wife lived through her sickness but Reid eventually outlived everyone except one daughter, including his children. When Thomas Reid was thirty-eight, a paper of his appeared in print called An Essay on Quantity. His 1748 paper revealed the attraction to mathematics that Reid had, using mathematical reasoning with ratios to explain moral philosophy. He argued that genuine ethical inquiry is concerned with a class of facts which are under a higher category, and refuse to submit to geometrical measurement (Fraser, 1898). This recognition of other scientific methods other than mathematics shows a change in thought for this time. Reids most known work in philosophy, however, would come from an almost unnoticed book from London in 1739 by David Hume, who was exactly one year younger than Reid coincidentally. The Treatise of Human Nature by Hume would eventually make headlines in shaping European thought and would give Reid an argument. Hume reasoned that there should be a new system of sciences to prove that there is neither human nature nor science in the world, and that nothing can be true if you cannot logically reason from our senses. He believed that our impressions of our senses was exactly that, impressions which tended to be temporary and perceived differently from person to person, and therefore there cannot be truth since impressions are not universal. He also went on to say that what we call existence is only felt impressions, that time is an illusion, and that the word identity is nothing since a person is nothing more than an idea at the moment. To sum it all up, only current feelings exist in the universe. Reid took this as almost an insult. These ideas degraded our speech and communication to only abstract adjectives, because nouns and verbs dont truly exist. Because of this conclusion, we cannot communicate what doesnt exist because you cant communicate only through adjectives. It was a philosophical suicide that gave us an unknown universe we couldnt trust, because the skeptics at this time were saying that nothing exists, like David Hume. Reid began his own theory from these insults, starting with our senses and focusing on mathematical theory. The foundations of mathematical abstracts are in mathematical axioms, and so the foundations of all concrete reasoning are to be found in the rational constitution of perception through the five senses (Fraser, 1898). Forty years after that, Reid even went on to say that it was Hume that made him realize the faults of the Berkeley system that came from Descartes philosophy. He stated that what George Turnbull taught, gave me [Reid] more unea siness than the want of a material world, and to question its foundation (Reid, 1785). Hume gave Reid an argument and showed him that he should create his own theory. Thomas Reid left New Machar in late 1751, where he became a regent master at Kings College in Aberdeen till 1764. There he gave lectures, and the three-year regent course was still imposed for philosophy. He gave lectures in natural history and physical science one year, mathematics and natural philosophy in another, and finally philosophy of the mind in the third year, where the same students were still under his teachings. So, he had three three-year classes which he taught: 1753-56, 1756-59, 1759-62, plus the first two years when he started. Under some examination of Reids lectures in the Natural Philosophy classes, it was shown that he was very much knowledgeable in physical sciences incorporating laws of motion, astronomy and electricity. Reid also brought changes and reform to the university. Teaching sessions were extended by two months, there was much better organization in Latin classes, and material sciences had to be a prerequisite to psychology and ethics, which was consistent with a mind naturally observing then reflecting upon its observations. He also created the Wise Club at Kings College, which was a small society for philosophical inquiry with his old friend Gregory. This club also influenced later Scottish philosophic literature. The meetings consisted of reading of personal short essays, as well as a question proposed before each meeting for discussion. It was mostly the skeptical theology that Hume talked about that gave the society discussion questions, and Reid went as far as writing If you write no more in morals, politics, and metaphysics, I am afraid we shall be at a loss for subjects in a letter to David Hume (Craig, 1998). Since the start of the Wise Club in 1758 continuing to his last work of the society in 1762, Reid put in many works that would be later seen in his publications two years afterwards. A lot of the work itself dealt with our senses and perception, and he even received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Marichal College in early 1762. By the end 1763, he produced his first book An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense, which was the result of his twenty years in New Machar and Aberdeen. The Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense was an argument against David Hume that allowed Thomas Reid to attain a very important role in the development of philosophy. In his book, he makes an important point about Humes Treatise of Human Nature. Reid argued that if we as humans have no evidence that things exist, then we could never encounter an external object directly, and what we perceive is in our own minds. How can one be sure of the outside realities that differ from ones own sensations? Reid also said, If I allow that my own sensations and ideas are my only possible original data, I cannot from such transitory phantoms infer the real existence of other persons. (Reid, 1764) This is also when Reid encountered Berkeleys theory a dead end for proving other intelligent beings existence. Reid was also later criticized by John Stuart Mill, specifically in his common sense book. Mill said that any appeal to intuition or self-evidence was a cover way of promot ing self-interest (von Dehsen, 1999). He argued further that if only sensations and ideas of the self cannot be broken through, then the self is an illusion and the word self means nothing. The universe is, not sensations that are all personal, but is put into isolated sensations which can be similarly experienced by others, but not the exact same sensations. Reid also found it unreasonable that we do not actually perceive external things and only certain images of them are imprinted in the mind called ideas and impressions. He thought this could only throw out all philosophy, religion, and common sense. These ideas are substitutions of the common reasonable sense, which neither requires nor admits of logical proof. Reid believed there two degrees of reason. The first degree of reason is the five senses to judge of things self-evident (Reid, 1764). The second degree is reasoning, which is able to make conclusions of non-self-evident reasoning from the first degree. Also, truth in judgments of common sense cannot be seen, they are only justified by reasoning and how human nature responds to them. For example, we have the common sense that fire is hot because other people perceive it as hot and it comes through our senses. This is part of nature in human understanding, and is inspiration of God. Reasoning is used to control everything from emotions to appetite, and allows us to live and serve under God. God has excellently fitted our conscience, reason, natural instincts and bodily appetites to the benefit of the species (Yaffe Nichols, 2009). He continued to say that this is what makes up the discoveries in our reasoning of the world and called this the common sense of mankind, and even started the School of Common Sense. When one ignores these innate senses though, another may find them as being crazy. Reid also explained what if Hume found is right, and to not trust our senses: I break my nose against a post that comes in my way, I step into a dirty kennel; and after twenty such wise and rational actions I am taken up and clapped into a madhouse (Reid, 1764). Though people may not know if the senses are correct, everyone assumes they are because they are commonly known and perceived. Our common sense, to Reid, is conscious and varies between persons, time periods, and locations. Reid listed six axioms that came from sensus communis, which was the term he used for common sense. The first is that the thoughts of which I am conscious are thoughts of a being which I call myself, my mind, my person. The second is that those things did really happen that I distinctly remember. The third is that we have some degree of power over our actions, and the determination of our will. the forth is that there is life and intelligence in our fellow men with whom we converse. the fifth is that there is a certain regard due to human testimony in matters of fact, and even to human authority in matters of opinion. and the sixth is that, in the phenomena of nature, what is to be, will probably be like what has been in similar circumstances (Reid, 1785). He concluded in his common sense philosophy four basic principles of knowledge. The first principle was that certain undemonstrable fundamental truths [are] immediately conclusive and absolute and that there are certain truths that are common among people. The second principle was that these truths cannot be subjected to criticism or support from science. The third principle was that philosophy itself comes from self-enlightening truth and anything that contradicts your truth is incorrect. The fourth truth was that our morality is what we use as guidelines in our life to perform our duties in society and we act with what goes with common sense and what we think is right (Reid, 1764). Thomas Reid, before the book was published, wanted David Hume to read some of it. Hume responded with a compliment saying it was deeply philosophical yet written with spirit, and that no one else is able to explain themselves with greater clarity. However he kindly disagreed with the abstract that was sent. Reid wrote back saying that he was only attempting to shine a little light on the subject, But whether I have any success in this attempt or not, I shall always avow myself your disciple in metaphysics (Reid, 1872). He also concluded that he learned more from Hume than everybody else known put together in the subject. Shortly following his book, Reid was offered to be the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow when Adam Smith resigned in 1764. During his time of teaching in Glasgow College, the lectures that he provided would be the precursor of his published Essays of his old age. When 1772 came about, Reid had hardship in his personal life, when two of his older daughters died. When Reid was seventy, he discovered after sixteen years teaching at Glasgow, he found himself growing old. In a letter he wrote to his friend Lord Kames he reported this and turned over the class to his assistant Archibald Arthur so he could continue his philosophical authorship in retirement. After his retirement in 1780, he again found tough times the same year. His eldest son died, and only two years go by only to be heartbroken once again by the death of his last son, which left only one daughter in his family. Reids final works were his Essays, which come in two parts, and were based off his lectures at Glasgow. The first installment was an inquiry of mans intellectual power, while the second came a few years afterward explaining the facts of moral power and the invisible ideas in mans consciousness. In the Essays an advance is made towards a finally ethical interpretation of man and the universe. The Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man was the first Essay to come out, in 1785. It explained our perception through the senses and memory, imagination, and sciences dealing with time frames. It also contained some rebuttal to the abstract reasoning criticism of common sense. He presents direct realism which is the view that our minds are directly connected to the world, and that we experience objects immediately as objects because of our power of perception. This was the opposite thinking of consciousness being formed by adding sensations to our ideas. Reid started with an important part of all this: Human knowledge may be reduced to two general heads, according as it relates to body or to mind; to things material, or to things intellectual (Reid, 1785). Otherwise, we know that there are two worlds, mind and matter. In his essay Reid continued with, The Supreme Being intended, that we should have such knowledge of the material objects that surrounds us, as is necessary in order to our supplying the wants of nature, and avoiding the dangers to which we are constantly exposed; and he has admirably fitted our powers of perception to this purpose. [If] the intelligence we have of external objects were to be got by reasoning only, the greatest part of men would be destitute of it; for the greatest part of men hardly ever learn to reason; and in infancy and childhood no man can reason. Also, he said that God conveys this intelligence of objects in a way we can understand and use the information. The information of the senses is as perfect, and gives as full conviction to the most ignorant, as to the most learned (Reid 1785). This showed that Reid believed that reason could not be the prerequisite to perception and that god gave us the innate ability of perception through the senses to draw conclusions of the universe. Three years after the first set of Essays, he put out the remaining works in 1788, titled Essays on the Active Powers of Man. This concluded the ideas that are not of the physical world including ethics. A man can act from motives that are higher than any that move the lower animals. He sees one course of action as having dignity and value, and another as being base and low; and lower animals cant make such distinctions. Reid explains our higher sensibility as humans and our moral values as a society are means to set us apart from animals. The Essay continues to show that our power, though we cant perceive or be aware of it, is our minds reason. This is where Lockes theory, that we gather ideas our ideas through the senses and/or consciousness, con ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡icts with the fact that we have a conception or idea of power (Reid 1785). Another point he postulated was that for some things, we have a direct conception, while for others, we only have a relative conception. This can be possibly thought of as we have a direct conception of the third dimension since we live and experience it, but only a relative conception of the fourth. Reids hatred for Atheists and their reasoning in depriving man of all active power is also shown in this work, They join hands with theologians in depreciating human understanding, so that they can lead us into absolute scepticism (Reid, 1785). He also concludes that there cant be an exclusion of our senses, memory, and rational faculties in any further theoretical opinion. Reid discusses his early version of mental faculties as active powers of the mind that influenced ones thoughts and behavior. Also, faculties are innate and work together as one unifying mind, some of which included were attention, judgment, perception, and reason. There were 43 total faculties (Hergenhahn, 2009). Though this was not the actual school of thought that phrenologists believed later, it did however help influence faculty psychology. Thomas Reid died when he was eighty-six, on October 7, 1796 in Glasgow. His most notable ideas for his recognition in the Scottish Enlightenment were direct realism and common sense. His works in metaphysics, epistemology or theory of knowledge, mind, and ethics, would come from the influences of David Hume, Cicero, Locke, and Berkeley. His Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense would bring upon the Scottish School of Common Sense, and his works collectively would later influence those such as Victor Cousin, Alvin Plantinga, and C.S. Peirce. I think he was quite important in the development of psychology. I think personally that rationalism is much more sane and reasonable than what Hume and the empiricists were saying that we cant trust our senses. However, I think its important sometimes to take a step back to take two steps forward and play devils advocate as what the skeptics were saying, otherwise we may not have seen Reid. He talks about the important issue of our senses being accurate and reasonable to trust even if they are slightly wrong. I also liked his essays more in his common sense work just because it explained our reasoning abilities and our ethics, which no one really talked about in that much depth. If we were to believe Hume we could basically say that we are living in a matrix since the only thing real is feelings and ideas in the mind. This is why Reid is important because he explains how objects are actually real and how we communicate about them. He helped influence faculty psychology and phrenolog y which opened up the door for specific areas of the brain such as reasoning, consciousness, and attention.

Julius Caesar - Analyses Of Characters :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar is very much a warrior and he thinks that he is above every one else and that he is more than an ordinary man. As a result he is very arrogant and takes very little notice of the people around him. As far as he is concerned, they are meaningless and not worth his time. He believes he is honourable but really is not. In a way he wants to be trusted and to be a trusted leader of the Roman people but he is very unwilling to do anything to gain trust. Ordinary people have a great deal of respect for Caesar and probably believe that he would be a good, powerful leader who has Roman’s troubles at heart. Caesar probably believes those things as well but he is ruthless and he craves power. He also believes that everybody likes him and that is why he’s surprised when the conspirators approach him. Then he realises that they have seen through his façade and see that he is really an arrogant power-crazy man. Mark Antony is a very honourable soldier who is loyal to anyone in power. He was a great friend to Caesar and thought very highly of him. He is extremely angry at Caesar’s death. He is a very cunning man as can be seen in the second part of the scene and he is able to manipulate people. He cared a lot for Caesar and as a result he grieved a lot when Caesar was killed. Because he was very close to Caesar he wants revenge and, although he can hide it, has a lot of hatred for the conspirators who killed Caesar. At first it seemed that he was so upset that Caesar had died that he would wish to die also. However, later he seems to decide that revenging his death would be a better way. He knows the conspirators only as other Romans, he does not know them as friends and knows very little about them. As a result he may not know about Cassius’ cunning mind that has already discovered Mark Antony’s plan for revenge. Cassius is very crafty and tactful. He sees through most people to what they are truly like. He is also very good at manipulating people, much like Mark Antony. He is a friend to Brutus but he took advantage of that friendship to make sure he killed Caesar. Julius Caesar - Analyses Of Characters :: essays research papers Julius Caesar is very much a warrior and he thinks that he is above every one else and that he is more than an ordinary man. As a result he is very arrogant and takes very little notice of the people around him. As far as he is concerned, they are meaningless and not worth his time. He believes he is honourable but really is not. In a way he wants to be trusted and to be a trusted leader of the Roman people but he is very unwilling to do anything to gain trust. Ordinary people have a great deal of respect for Caesar and probably believe that he would be a good, powerful leader who has Roman’s troubles at heart. Caesar probably believes those things as well but he is ruthless and he craves power. He also believes that everybody likes him and that is why he’s surprised when the conspirators approach him. Then he realises that they have seen through his façade and see that he is really an arrogant power-crazy man. Mark Antony is a very honourable soldier who is loyal to anyone in power. He was a great friend to Caesar and thought very highly of him. He is extremely angry at Caesar’s death. He is a very cunning man as can be seen in the second part of the scene and he is able to manipulate people. He cared a lot for Caesar and as a result he grieved a lot when Caesar was killed. Because he was very close to Caesar he wants revenge and, although he can hide it, has a lot of hatred for the conspirators who killed Caesar. At first it seemed that he was so upset that Caesar had died that he would wish to die also. However, later he seems to decide that revenging his death would be a better way. He knows the conspirators only as other Romans, he does not know them as friends and knows very little about them. As a result he may not know about Cassius’ cunning mind that has already discovered Mark Antony’s plan for revenge. Cassius is very crafty and tactful. He sees through most people to what they are truly like. He is also very good at manipulating people, much like Mark Antony. He is a friend to Brutus but he took advantage of that friendship to make sure he killed Caesar.

Miss Julie/a Dolls House

2) Miss Julie/ A Dolls house DFK 120 Erene Oberholzer 11045231 Dr. M. Taub 4 September 2012 In this essay two plays, Miss Julie written by August Strindberg, and A Dolls House written by Hendrik Ibsen will be compared and concerns such as gender, identity and class will be contextualized. The section I’ve chosen to portray realism and other elements concerning these two plays resourced to the last pages of both scripts. As I see the last pages construct the difference between the plays and characters. Both these plays inform a strand of realism, as in the Traditional Western canon.Third world text can be characterized by their degree of immediacy, topicality, mimetic quality, and even social realism (Gugelburger, G. M:1991). Realism: The term Realism introduces a strand of thought and considers the world as not reality but, mere appearance. We have no access to â€Å"reality† other than through representations. Yet, all representations only show us particular perspectiv es on reality. When people use the term â€Å"realistic† to describe a film they are saying the film shows them an image of reality that they have come to know.Realism is a constructive construct, produced by reconcilable codes and conventions which change over time. Realism has been constructed to point out existing social reality. Naturalism, on the other hand, conveys a representation that looks sounds and feels like the actual world outside the work of art. Naturalism looks sounds and feels like the things we would expect (Bob Nowlan [sn]: [sp]). Where Ibsen trends more to the line of realism, Strindberg informs naturalism in his writings. For Strindberg ‘good’ naturalism looked for natural conflicts. For him true naturalism meant truth to nature.He was determined to have his plays deal with fundamental truths. Miss Julie contains traces of symbolism, which were born out of the foundation of naturalism. Although many believe that due to the use of symbolic af fects in Miss Julie, the play drifts away from the naturalistic, and more to the realistic. Strindberg used all the elements needed for the development of the plot and the transference of superiority from Julie to Jean. Naturalism does not help for the development of the plot, whereas realism is a structure that reveals real life events and is focused on the people portrayed, as shown in Miss Julie.Strindberg wanted to create dramatic illusion. His audience was to be completely convinced of the reality of the world off stage, and then transported into a sphere of influence. Ibsen’s contribution to realism began when he consciously started to dramatize the forces and frictions of modern life. Ibsen indicates in A Dolls House that he was creating a particular life through Nora. Ibsen’s dialogue of A Dolls House comes of naturally; he wanted the spectator to sit down, listen and look at events that happens in real life.Ibsen wrote mainly about hidden relationships, social conversion and secret fears and anxieties Strindberg’s play was actually written as a response to Ibsen’s A Doll house. Ibsen wrote his plays advocating women, and Strindberg had a contrary view. Hendrik Ibsen’s attitude toward society is evident in his double vision of a secure social position. On the one hand, it’s a defense against attack, on the other; such concerns lead to hypocrisies and superficial values. His play reveals him as far more than a realist (Taylor, J. 972: [sp]). Comparing: My examples of both plays illustrate the elements of gender, identity and class. Both playwrights scripts set the last page out to set everything about the differences of these elements. By the ending we can see the fall (Strindberg) and rising of the woman (Ibsen) in social society that time. Gender, class&identity in A Dolls House: Hendrik Ibsen was known as the father of modern drama as he helped popularize realism. He became an observer of the real human life and informed realism in drama.In 1877 Norway’s social structure influenced Ibsen’s writings. He wanted to extol freedom and truth in his people. A Dolls House questions the suppressed role of women in that time’s society and also introduced the woman as having their own goals and own purposes. Torvald reveals many times his prejudice viewpoint on gender roles. He believes his wives duty is to be at home and embarks on her to always appear beautiful. The central conflict in this playwright revolves around Trovald’s controlling treatment of his wife.The tragedy of this story is not only about a man controlling his wife, but also the â€Å"dehumanizing of the children† (Mahal 2012;476). They are never given a chance to improving their position in the society. Nora, in the beginning of the play, seems to be happy and content whereas she acts out child like qualities. When Torvald walks in Nora’s childlike qualities becomes more transparent. His true character is later revealed when he accuses Nora of forgery and when he tries to disown her. His attitude changes when everything is sorted out, but she walks out of the marriage.Nora is depicted until the end of the play as a â€Å"helpless, mindless fool† (Mahal 2012: 476). In the end of this story this degrading treatment of Nora by her husband is resolved. This play stresses upon the status of women and how their roles were perceived, as mothers and wives. Nora feels like she’s been used as doll for her father and her husband, with no depth in their relationships. Nora exits her ‘doll’s house’ with a door slam, emphatically resolving the play with an act of bold self-assertion. A Doll’s house appears to mislead the audience of the characters true colors.Our first impression of Nora is that she is childlike and Torvald is seen as strong. The play’s climax leads to the expose of resolving identity confusion. Nora becomes to be a brave woman and Torvald a sad man. Gender, class&identity in Miss Julie: Strindberg was a Swedish playwright and drew his writings from personal experiences. He failed at three marriages. Circumstances made him a naturalistic writer. He was known as a misogynist and a â€Å"women hater†. In Miss Julie (1879) he expresses his hatred for the opposite sex.He was forced to write a second ending for the play after much controversy. The play was censored all over Europe as the play was socially offensive to women. The daughter of a count has an affair with a valet, who in turn forces her to commit suicide. Strindberg had an eye for injustice, but only dealt with the problem of women’s rights as a facet of realism in his plays. Julie suffers an identity crisis and displays her regard for class and gender conventions. She mingles with the servant when a party is thrown.She expresses absurd behavior but on other times she is coy. Jean warns her of her behavior as she was seen as a temptress. She wavers between the high and low class identity, and is in the end confused with her own identity. Julie also identifies herself with both female and male figures. She confesses she has no self she can call her own. The characters in Miss Julie are portrayed through gender, class and ideology. In the end she orders Jean to hypnotize her to commit suicide. The play reveals Julie having no control over her sexual instincts.Once Julie and Jean seduced each other, their lives are changed (Ramandeep Mahal 2012: [sp]) mentions that â€Å"the aristocrat in the social sphere becomes the slave of the valet and the valet becomes the aristocrat in the sexual sphere as Julie lowers herself beyond redemption†. Julie is seen as an example of the naturalistic movement. â€Å"The characters are seen as helpless products of hereditary and environment who interact with their minds and bodies, as they would in real life† (Mahal 2012: [sp]). Both playwrights by Ibsen an d Strindberg came of shocking the audience of their time, with the way they portrayed their women characters.They’re portrayal of sex and divorce was set off to much controversy (Mahal 2012:475). A Dolls House is considered to be more feminist work, where Strindberg has been seen as â€Å"his arch enemy† on that point. Ibsen has been seen to deny writing in a feminist point of view; he has said many times that he wrote for the â€Å"everyday man†. Strindberg tended to emancipate woman. For example when Julie grows conscious about her humiliation she falls to Jean’s knees. Jean triumphantly stands over her. This also symbolizes the hierarchy of the 1800’s.These ideas govern the central world of the everyday in the aspect that they inform social hierarchies and show out elements of real happenings people experience everyday. Women were demanded by men, and men were befallen to the beauty of women. In that time of social structure woman belonged in th e kitchen (As Strindberg’s points out in Miss Julie) and they were there to raise the kids and beautify their homes. That was the real world. Some of these conventions still stand today in aspect of class and gender. Resources: Ibsen, H. A. A Dolls House. Gugelburger, G.M. 1991. â€Å"Germainistik†, the Canon, and Third world literature. Mahal, R. 2012. A comparative study of Portrayal of women in Ibsen’s A Dolls House and Strindberg’s Miss Julie. Available. [o]. Accessed 2 September 2012 www. rspublication,com Lukas, Nowlan, B. An introduction to the problematics of Realism in video, film, and moving image- culture. Available. [o]. Accessed 2 September 2012 www. uwec. edu/ranowlan/realism film_video_moving-imag_culture. html. Taylor, J. C. 1972. Ritual, realism, and revolt: Major traditions in the drama. New York: Schribner.

Youth in Crime Essay - 876 Words

Melanie Requena December 3, 2012 Essay # 5 Stereotyping happens all the time, more than people seem to believe it does. Appearance, location, and race all deal with how people as well as police authority characterize individuals without truly knowing how that person is. Race is one of the biggest factors when it comes to criminalization because of what people see on the media and from what they are told. It usually is the younger generation that are viewed as criminals not only because of where they live and who they associate themselves with, or with what is seen on the media but also because some young people come from a family history of criminals. The issue here is that not all young people are criminals; but when living in†¦show more content†¦The media is a source of contribution to how society believes that police figures should punish certain races because they believe that a certain race is more of a threat to them and their community than another race. In spite of the media and police authorities determining who are the main race/group of criminals; this does not take away from the other issue that youngsters face. Even though they come from a area of high crime rates, and/or come from the same racial background that is sought out to be a threat to others, a wide group of these youngsters are ones that are not involved in any act of crime, or gang, they go to school, and participate in community programs, but yet are still stereotyped as criminals because of their appearance. According to Rios who interviewed a boy named J.T. he states, Despite actively avoiding delinquency and never being arrested or suspended, J.T. believed that sometimes he was treated worse than his delinquent peers (143). J.T. also told Rios that even though he tried to stay away from trouble, authority figures often implicated him in the deviance and crime that his friends committed, (143). 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